Robotic Parenchyma-Sparing Repeat Hepatectomy After Durvalumab Plus Tremelimumab for Recurrent Hepatocellular Carcinoma Abutting the Left Glissonean Pedicle Following Prior Atezolizumab-Bevacizumab Failure: A Case Report - Cureus

An immune checkpoint inhibitor–based multimodal downstaging strategy before liver transplantation was associated with improved posttransplant survival and a lower risk of recurrence among patients with hepatocellular carcinoma initially beyond the Milan criteria (single lesion not larger than 5 cm or two or three lesions not larger than 3 cm each), based on findings from a Chinese study published in JAMA Oncology. However, according to Ong et al, the strategy was also associated with a higher rate of acute rejection within 90 days posttransplantation. “By characterizing this post–liver transplantation benefit-risk profile, this multicenter matched cohort study may inform future prospective studies of immune checkpoint inhibitor–based pretransplant strategies in liver transplantation candidates and help clinical decision-making,” the investigators wrote.

We’re sharing this article early to provide faster access to peer-reviewed, accepted research. It is citable and carries a permanent DOI. This version is subject to further edits and will be replaced automatically by the final Version of Record. All legal disclaimers apply. AbstractCurrent surveillance guidelines for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) primarily target individuals with liver cirrhosis or viral hepatitis. We developed an artificial intelligence (AI)-based model to predict HCC risk in individuals without viral hepatitis. Using the South Korean National Health Insurance Service database, we analyzed 7,961,075 individuals aged 20–79 years who underwent health screening in 2017 and were followed through 2023. Twelve AI models were compared. The best-performing model was retrained and evaluated in an unmatched validation cohort reflecting the original HCC prevalence and an independent non-selected validation cohort.

Patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) often receive systemic corticosteroids from multiple specialties, and that cumulative exposure is rarely tracked in 1 place. At the same time, the options for reducing reliance on oral steroids have grown, with approvals of dupilumab and mepolizumab for eosinophilic COPD and of depemokimab, a twice-yearly anti-interleukin (IL)-5 agent, for severe asthma.1-4 Clinicians outside pulmonology increasingly manage these patients when specialty access is limited. On October 6, 2026, Mollie Chartoff, FNP-BC, a nurse practitioner on the advanced COPD team at Vanderbilt Lung Institute in Nashville, Tennessee, moderated a virtual clinical forum for advanced practice providers on asthma and COPD. Participants included nurse practitioners and physician assistants in pulmonology, allergy and asthma, dermatology, oncology, and interventional pain practices in Tennessee, Texas, Missouri, and North Carolina. The discussion covered biomarkers, oral corticosteroid (OCS) exposure, biologic selection, and access barriers.

Treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) now spans 5 therapeutic pathways, and the options within them continue to expand. Recent developments include FDA approval of a once-daily single-tablet combination of macitentan and tadalafil, supported by the phase 3 A DUE trial, and a September 2026 European Respiratory Society (ERS) guideline update recommending add-on sotatercept for patients who remain at intermediate-low, intermediate-high, or high risk.1,2 How clinicians sequence oral, inhaled, parenteral, and injectable therapies in practice increasingly depends on risk assessment, payer requirements, and patient preference. In September 2026, Marc Simon, MD, MS, director of pulmonary vascular disease and the Pulmonary Hypertension Comprehensive Care Center at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), moderated a clinical forum in San Francisco. Participants included pulmonologists, advanced heart failure and critical care cardiologists, and a nurse practitioner from UCSF, Kaiser Permanente, and California Pacific Medical Center. The discussion covered initial combination therapy, risk reassessment, escalation beyond dual therapy, and long-term monitoring.

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AbstractBackground & AimsElevated antimicrobial antibodies have been reported up to 6 years before diagnosis of Crohn’s disease (CD), but the specific antibody response is unclear. Here, we characterized the antimicrobial antibody responses before CD diagnosis in healthy first-degree relatives (FDRs) of patients with CD. MethodsThe CCC-GEM (Crohn’s and Colitis Canada – Genetic, Environmental, Microbial) Project nested case-control cohort consisted of FDRs who later developed CD (n = 77), matched 1:4 by age, sex, follow-up duration, and geographical location with healthy FDRs (n = 304). Sera at enrollment were probed for antimicrobial reactivity using a microbiota antigen microarray and a flagellin peptide cytometric bead array. Conditional logistic regression was used to assess association with CD onset, and partial Spearman was used to correlate serologic responses with lactulose-to-mannitol ratio (LMR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and fecal calprotectin (FCP). False discovery rate was controlled using the Benjamini-Hochberg method (q < 0.05).