Spatially resolved host and microbiota RNA profiling in the mouse gut using microDBiT - Nature

We’re sharing this article early to provide faster access to peer-reviewed, accepted research. It is citable and carries a permanent DOI. This version is subject to further edits and will be replaced automatically by the final Version of Record. All legal disclaimers apply. AbstractDiet-induced obesity is associated with impaired satiety signaling and alterations in intestinal microbial communities. Plant-derived extracellular vesicles have recently emerged as bioactive dietary vesicles capable of influencing host physiology. However, the in vivo metabolic effects of Panax ginseng–derived extracellular vesicles (GDE) remain incompletely characterized. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a low-fat diet, high-fat diet (HF), or HF supplemented with orally administered GDE (3 × 10⁹ particles, 3 times/week) for 9 weeks. Relative epididymal fat pad weight, adipose tissue histology, cholecystokinin (CCK)-mediated satiety responsiveness, gut microbiota composition, and selected intestinal inflammatory markers were evaluated. GDE administration reduced adipocyte diameter and normalized epididymal leptin mRNA expression in HF-fed mice despite comparable energy intake between HF and HF/GDE groups.

AbstractBackgroundMultiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by immune dysregulation, yet the molecular alterations present at disease onset remain incompletely understood. We sought to characterize immune cell-specific proteomic changes before treatment initiation in early MS and assess their impact on immune cell communication. MethodsWe performed high-resolution proteomic profiling of four major peripheral immune cell populations, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, CD19+ B cells, and CD14+ monocytes, from newly diagnosed, treatment-naïve individuals with MS and matched healthy controls. Differential protein expression, pathway enrichment, genetic overlap, and ligand–receptor analyses were performed. ResultsAll four immune cell populations exhibit distinct proteomic alterations that discriminate individuals with MS from healthy controls. Differentially expressed proteins are enriched in pathways related to coagulation, antigen processing, vesicle trafficking, oxidative phosphorylation, and cellular stress responses. Disease-associated proteins overlap with established MS susceptibility genes, with the strongest enrichments observed in CD14⁺ monocytes and CD19⁺ B cells.

We’re sharing this article early to provide faster access to peer-reviewed, accepted research. It is citable and carries a permanent DOI. This version is subject to further edits and will be replaced automatically by the final Version of Record. All legal disclaimers apply. AbstractMany biologically important molecules are structural isomers that share the same molecular mass yet differ in shape, bonding and function. This creates an ambiguity for mass spectrometry imaging (MSI), where chemically distinct species can be indistinguishable on the mass-to-charge (m/z) scale and therefore cannot be reliably mapped in heterogeneous materials. Here we demonstrate that Orbitrap secondary ion mass spectrometry (OrbiSIMS) can provide an orthogonal contrast that enables both identification and spatial separation of isomeric molecules directly on surfaces. By exploiting structure-dependent secondary-ion dissociation and gas-phase collisional effects during ion transmission, we discriminate isomeric trisaccharides raffinose, maltotriose and melezitose and spatially resolve raffinose and maltotriose in mixtures.