Science North marks more than 30 years of summer science camps for children - ElliotLakeToday.com

Arrhenius, S. Über die reaktionsgeschwindigkeit bei der inversion von Rohrzucker durch Säuren. Z. Phys. Chem. 4, 226–248 (1889). Article Atkins, P. & de Paula, J. The rates of chemical reactions. In Physical Chemistry 9th edn 799–802 (Oxford Univ. Press, 2010). Murakami, K. et al. Key factor for the anti-Arrhenius low-temperature heterogeneous catalysis induced by H+ migration: H+ coverage over support. Chem. Commun. 56, 3365–3368 (2020). Article

Chimeric RNAs (chRNAs) expand transcriptomic and proteomic diversity by joining sequences from distinct genomic loci, yet their physiological functions remain poorly understood. In a recent paper published in Nature, Venezia et al. show that inflammation induces CTCF-dependent chRNA formation in mammalian immune cells and that a Gsdmd-Tmem106a chRNA encodes a functional fusion protein that modulates pyroptosis and the balance between antibacterial defense and inflammatory pathology. The mammalian genome contains a surprisingly limited number of protein-coding genes relative to the complexity of mammalian organisms. Alternative splicing, RNA editing, non-canonical translation and post-translational modification expand the functional output of this finite genome. Chimeric RNAs (chRNAs), in which sequences from distinct genomic loci are joined within a single transcript, may represent another layer of this regulatory complexity.1,2,3 Historically, chimeric transcripts have been closely associated with cancer-associated chromosomal rearrangements.

ORCID: orcid.org/0009-0004-7198-86071, Nisarg A. Shah2 na1, Mingze Xia2 na1, Mike Peven2 na1, Nanthini Narayanan3, Rishabh Nanawati2, Nuren Zhaksylyk2 na1, Ibrahim Abboud1 na1, Ayesha Javaid1 na1, Vishal M. Patel2,4, S. Swaroop Vedula3 & … Shameema Sikder1,3 We’re sharing this article early to provide faster access to peer-reviewed, accepted research. It is citable and carries a permanent DOI. This version is subject to further edits and will be replaced automatically by the final Version of Record. All legal disclaimers apply.

A colourful pattern formed by vibrations in a liquid, illustrating how waves can create intricate, organized structures. (Xvision/Moment/Getty Images) To us mortals, the flow of time goes one way. Yesterday is gone, tomorrow is yet to come, and no matter how precisely and faithfully a clock marks the passing seconds, we can never return to a moment that has passed. But for a time crystal, things are very different. The constituent ranks of this mysterious state of matter – be they atoms, sound waves, or topological defects – are strictly regimented in time, a repeating pattern of beats that could be snipped from a recording at regular intervals and perfectly superimposed, one over another. Once thought impossible, time crystals have been observed in systems from physical atomic lattices to levitating styrofoam. Now, physicists have discovered a strange new way for a time crystal to emerge – not through the imposition of an external rhythm, but through a spontaneous process in which competing vibrations gradually fall into step – order gradually emerging from chaos.