Knowledge and Perceptions of HIV Prevention and Transmission Among Healthcare Professionals in Bahrain: A Cross-Sectional Survey - Cureus
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Background Advances in antiretroviral therapy have transformed HIV into a chronic, manageable condition. Contemporary prevention strategies, including pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) and the principle that undetectable equals untransmittable (U=U), depend on clinicians’ accurate understanding for effective implementation. Data assessing healthcare professionals’ knowledge of modern HIV prevention concepts in the Gulf region remain limited. Methodology A national cross-sectional survey was conducted in the Kingdom of Bahrain between January and December 2025 among healthcare professionals and clinical students engaged in patient care across public primary healthcare centres and secondary and tertiary governmental hospitals. The questionnaire assessed demographic and professional characteristics, self-reported confidence in discussing HIV, eight evidence-based knowledge items and the perceived need for further HIV education. Knowledge scores ranged from 0 to 8 and were categorised as low (0-3), moderate (4-6) or high (7-8). Non-parametric tests were used for group comparisons. Results A total of 395 participants were included; 306 (77.5%) were female
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