Effusive sedimentary volcanism experimentally reproduced under Martian-like conditions - Nature
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AbstractRapid boiling, cooling, and freezing are commonly assumed to rapidly quench metastable liquid eruptions exposed to near-vacuum planetary environments, influencing both sedimentary volcanism on Mars and cryovolcanism on icy worlds. However, how these coupled phase transitions govern eruptive processes remains largely unknown. Here we show experimentally that boiling instead sustains coupled ballistic-effusive mud eruptions under Martian-like pressure conditions (~4.5 mbar). Using an ice-sealed metastable reservoir, we reproduced subsurface-driven eruptions initiated by internally generated boiling-induced overpressure. Eruptions evolved systematically from short-lived ballistic fountains toward episodic effusive emplacement accompanied by coherent mud-flow formation.
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