Cosmic bumper stars forge rare, hefty white dwarf - Popular Science

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Learning about Wainwright victim from Langley Outgoing Metro Vancouver members to vote on upcoming budget

Dinosaurs might have been beachcombers that dined on washed-up seafood, researchers report. Researchers looked at carbon isotope traces in fossilized teeth and bones from coastal-dwelling dinosaurs and found a signature that could be linked to the consumption of seafood. The work highlights the connections terrestrial and marine ecosystems have had for millions of years.

Siddhartha Das explains how machine learning helps his group sift through roughly a trillion simulation data points. It reveals water and electroosmotic flow behavior and could speed the design of sensor-like channels. In this interview conducted at SciX 2026, which took place in Sparks, Nevada from October 4–9, Siddhartha Das, a Professor of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Maryland, describes how machine learning has become a major tool in his group’s work with all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. He also explains how pairing the two approaches can accelerate the design of engineered channels. The starting point, Das explains, is the sheer volume of data these simulations produce. A system of one million particles tracked over one million time steps yields roughly one trillion data points. Das describes this as fertile ground for analysis, but notes that working through it manually is impractical. Machine learning, he says, can reveal insights that even the most sophisticated atomistic simulations might miss, and can surface findings far faster than conventional analysis. Das offers two examples.

Models suggest that separating the head from the shoulders did not immediately give early tetrapod relatives highly mobile necks. Mechanical tests on lake sturgeon, combined with fossil anatomy, predict only small head movements in most species examined. The findings favor a link with forelimb locomotion, but movement estimates depend on a living analogue and exclude several surrounding tissues. An anatomical neck did not necessarily give ancient vertebrates the freedom to look around. Models of several early tetrapod relatives suggest their heads remained surprisingly restricted, even after the skull separated from the shoulders. The findings challenge the assumption that greater head mobility drove one of the major changes associated with the transition toward land. The authors propose that changing demands on the shoulders offer a better explanation than a newly flexible head. As front appendages took on a greater role in movement, separating the shoulder apparatus from the skull may have become advantageous. Substantial neck mobility, their analysis suggests, generally developed later, rather than arriving automatically with that separation.