
Substantial under-detection of human rabies cases in the United States | Communications Health - Nature
Based on multiple instances of human-to-human rabies transmission via organ or tissue transplantation from initially undiagnosed rabies-infected donors, we estimate 856 (213–2220) human rabies deaths in the United States (US) from 2000 to 2024, meaning that only around 7% of human rabies deaths in the US were confirmed during this period. In February 2025, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) of the United States (US) diagnosed rabies in a kidney transplant recipient and subsequently in the donor who died in December 20241. This event marks the fourth transplant-related rabies transmission from an initially undiagnosed donor in the US since 1978, following transmission events identified from the three earlier donors—who died in 19782, 20043, and 20114—which resulted in six deaths, in one cornea recipient, three kidney recipients, one liver recipient and one arterial-segment recipient. In each case transplantation was allowed because rabies had not been diagnosed in the deceased donor before organ or tissue transplantation. Additional transplant recipients from these donors remained asymptomatic following post-exposure prophylaxis1,4.













