Urenco partners with the Royal Institution to boost science learning for young people - Royal Institution

View larger. | Artist’s concept of the view over Valles Marineris, aka the Grand Canyon of Mars. It’s the largest canyon system in the solar system. Researchers recently said that Mars’ Grand Canyon is still tectonically active, though tectonics on Mars are different from those on Earth. Image via Kevin Gill/ Flickr. Is the Mars Grand Canyon still tectonically active? Scientists say yes

Astronomers have discovered three actively feeding supermassive black holes in a single galaxy more than 12.5 billion light-years from Earth. The finding, made by an international research team led by the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics (MPE), offers a rare glimpse of how enormous black holes grew and interacted during the universe's earliest stages. The black holes are located in a galaxy known as J0148-4214. All three are actively accumulating matter, which spirals toward them through surrounding disks of gas and other material. Because the galaxy is so distant, its light has traveled through space for approximately 12.5 billion years before reaching Earth. This means astronomers are observing it as it existed just 1.2 billion years after the Big Bang.

A repetitive stretch of noncoding DNA helps regulate a gene active in human but not chimpanzee forebrain progenitor cells. Experiments linked the ZNF558 gene to mitochondrial regulation and developmental timing in laboratory-grown brain organoids. The findings identify one possible evolutionary mechanism, rather than an explanation for intelligence or all human–chimpanzee brain differences. A repetitive stretch of DNA outside protein-making instructions can help determine whether a gene switches on during early brain development. Experiments comparing human and chimpanzee cells traced that difference to a regulatory system involving ZNF558, a gene shared by both species. Altering its activity changed the growth and gene-expression patterns of laboratory-grown human brain organoids. The work, led by Johan Jakobsson at Lund University in Sweden, appeared online in Cell Stem Cell. The findings show how changes in gene regulation can produce developmental differences even when the protein-coding gene itself remains conserved. They do not establish why humans think differently from chimpanzees or identify a single genetic explanation for human brain evolution.

New research suggests that cooling in the Northern Hemisphere may have triggered far-reaching ocean changes that helped drive Earth’s past ice ages. Growing ice sheets in the Northern Hemisphere may have helped push Earth into past ice ages by triggering changes in ocean circulation thousands of miles away, near Antarctica. New research from the University [...]

We’re sharing this article early to provide faster access to peer-reviewed, accepted research. It is citable and carries a permanent DOI. This version is subject to further edits and will be replaced automatically by the final Version of Record. All legal disclaimers apply. AbstractIntraoperative oxygenation impairment during one-lung ventilation poses significant challenges in thoracic anesthesia. Traditional statistical models often fail to capture complex non-linear clinical relationships. This study aimed to evaluate machine learning algorithms for predicting this impairment and interpret potential feature associations using the SHAP method. Clinical data from 519 patients undergoing thoracic surgery were retrospectively analyzed. Five algorithms were evaluated. Model performance was measured using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. SHAP was applied to explore non-linear associations and feature interactions, without implying biological causality. The random forest model exhibited the highest area under the curve (0.924), performing better than logistic regression (0.790).