Inhibitory characteristics of a surfactant-enhanced sodium salt inhibitor for coal spontaneous combustion - Nature

We’re sharing this article early to provide faster access to peer-reviewed, accepted research. It is citable and carries a permanent DOI. This version is subject to further edits and will be replaced automatically by the final Version of Record. All legal disclaimers apply. AbstractThis study presents the development of high-sensitivity real-time X-ray dosimeters based on room-temperature-vulcanized (RTV-2) silicone nanocomposites incorporating 0–60 wt% Bi2O3 nanoparticles, fabricated via solution casting. Structural and morphological characterization using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) with elemental mapping, and elemental analysis confirmed the uniform dispersion of monoclinic Bi2O3 nanorods within the amorphous RTV-2 matrix. Complementary Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) validated the chemical integrity, thermal stability, and mechanical robustness of the resulting nanocomposites. Dosimetric performance was investigated under diagnostic-range X-ray exposure using a COMET MXR 320/26 source (dose rates: 2.8–12 mGy/min).

We’re sharing this article early to provide faster access to peer-reviewed, accepted research. It is citable and carries a permanent DOI. This version is subject to further edits and will be replaced automatically by the final Version of Record. All legal disclaimers apply. AbstractNitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria are important sources of bioavailable nitrogen on Earth. Some nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria are endosymbionts of algae, and recently one of them, UCYN-A2, was shown to be an early-stage organelle (nitroplast) of haptophytes. These biological associations are important models for studying co-evolution and organellogenesis. Endosymbioses between Rhopalodiaceae diatoms and nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria (spheroid bodies, SBs) are widespread in marine and freshwater ecosystems, but their adaptation and evolution remain unclear. We found that the genomes and metabolic characteristics of marine and freshwater SBs are remarkably similar. Purifying selection pressures dominated SB diversification both within marine and freshwater habitats and across habitat boundaries.

Like many of us, Toyota wants Europe to leave room in new car dealerships for internal-combustion engines, and it has a fairly bold suggestion for how to do it: cars running exclusively on qualifying renewable fuels, the company announced Friday, should count as zero-emission vehicles. Yes, even with an engine burning fuel under the hood. Toyota calls this a request for "partnership and pragmatism. " Specifically, it wants European regulators to accept the idea under a common definition aligned with the EU’s Renewable Energy Directive. The important word here is “exclusively.” This isn’t a request to give every gasoline car a green badge because its owner occasionally buys a different kind of gas; it's asking if cars that only ever run on eligible fuels could get that zero-emission tag. The timing is key, because Europe is already reconsidering its combustion-engine endgame. Current rules call for a 100-percent reduction in fleet CO2 emissions for new cars and vans from 2035 onward, but the European Commission has alternatively proposed a 90-percent reduction, with the remaining emissions compensated through qualifying fuels or European low-carbon steel.