Scientists turn seawater into fresh water without harmful brine - Science Daily

Researchers at the University of Basel have investigated how fine particles in exhaust emissions from aircraft and marine engines change in the atmosphere. Their findings show that aircraft emissions in particular become more toxic over time. Fine particulate matter consists of tiny particles with diameters in the nanometer range. They are produced, for example, by fuel combustion, remain suspended in the air and can penetrate deep into the respiratory tract. There, they can trigger what is known as oxidative stress – a process that promotes inflammation and, in the long term, can lead to serious health problems such as respiratory or cardiovascular diseases. Scientists refer to this harmful property of the particles as their oxidative potential.

Researchers led by Cedars-Sinai Health Sciences University have discovered a protein that may allow harmful aging cells to escape detection by the immune system. By helping these cells remain in the body instead of being cleared away, the protein could contribute to their accumulation and the development of health problems associated with aging. The discovery, published in Cell Metabolism, identifies PD-L2 as a potential target for therapies aimed at eliminating harmful aging cells. Scientists also believe the protein could serve as a blood marker, providing a way to detect and monitor these cells.

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory researcher Isaiah Santistevan led the development of three-dimensional simulations exploring how a nuclear device could deflect or disrupt an asteroid threatening Earth. Credit: Blaise Douros/LLNL Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) researchers are developing three-dimensional simulations to examine how a nuclear device could be used to deflect or potentially disrupt an asteroid threatening Earth.