Male Neanderthal hips looked more like a human woman’s hips - Popular Science

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New fossil evidence from a Neanderthal burial site could be an early example of homicide among the species — but anthropologists say there’s more to the story.

A rare discovery reveals that 75,000 years ago, a Neanderthal from Shanidar Cave in Iraq died a grisly death, likely from a wooden spear.

The angle and force of the blow would have likely severed arteries and pierced a lung. A small puncture wound through a 75,000-year-old Neanderthal shoulder blade may be the earliest evidence of death by spear on humanity’s family tree. Given forensic details such as the entry angle and overall damage, researchers believe the injury was made as an intentionally fatal “heart shot” that killed the ancient hominin within moments. The discovery is detailed in a study published today in the journal Scientific Reports.

In this excerpt from "Neanderthals Among Us," author Peter Sahlins looks at the way Neanderthal extinction theories are often engrained with our own societal fears.

We Homo sapiens are pretty damn proud of our tool-making prowess. From smartphones to the humble-yet-mighty wheel, our ability to craft objects to help us attain our goals is something that we've often thought defines us as a species. But tens of thousands of years ago, Homo sapiens were not the only humans with a wide arsenal of tools. In a recent dig at a significant Neanderthal site in Barcelona, Abric Romaní, archaeologists have unearthed a massive cache of wood imprints, several of which appear to be tools. The findings, recently published in Science Advances, suggest our extinct Paleolithic relatives were actually skilled and prolific woodworkers. Of the 597 wood imprints the team discovered, 13 are clearly modified tools and other domestic objects. One of the most exciting objects identified was a wooden club, which seems to have been deliberately shaped for whacking stuff. It's reminiscent of the classic 'caveman' costume prop, but archaeologists have never actually seen anything like it in the prehistoric record. Photograph of the club-shaped impression. (M. D.