How Claude is accelerating protein design and analytical chemistry - Anthropic

We’re sharing this article early to provide faster access to peer-reviewed, accepted research. It is citable and carries a permanent DOI. This version is subject to further edits and will be replaced automatically by the final Version of Record. All legal disclaimers apply. AbstractOffshore and marine structures increasingly utilise Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) because of their superior stiffness and enhanced resistance to damage under combined vibration and cyclic loading induced by waves, wind and operational conditions. This study presents a combined analytical and finite element investigation into the dynamic behaviour of a cracked FGM cantilever beam compared with eight conventional offshore structural steels. A fracture-mechanics-based analytical model, incorporating crack-induced flexibility and stiffness degradation under cyclic loading within a continuum damage mechanics framework, was developed to predict the beam’s natural frequencies and validated against finite element results, with deviations below 2%. The postulated cracks were represented by predefined notches to simulate pre-existing structural damage or defects, with crack depth ratios of a/h = 0.233, 0.

The climate is warming up faster than we can respond. According to a new report published Oct. 14 in the journal BioScience, “Earth’s climate system is moving deeper into uncharted territory.”The State of the Climate, an annual report that tracks the Earth’s “vital signs,” monitors several climate related indicators—ranging from greenhouse gas concentrations and temperature changes to tree cover loss due to wildfire. The researchers found that, of the 16 planetary vital signs, seven are currently at record extremes. This includes sea levels and greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere. Meanwhile several others, such as areas burned during wildfires and ocean heat levels, show evidence of acceleration or abrupt shifts. The researchers warn that the rate of global warming appears to have accelerated, from about 0.05°C per decade between 1880 and 1970 to roughly 0.36°C per decade between 2010 and 2024—and the 2°C threshold meant to limit planetary damage could be reached before 2050 they warn.

The climate is warming up faster than we can respond. According to a new report published Oct. 14 in the journal BioScience, "Earth's climate system is moving deeper into uncharted territory. "The State of the Climate, an annual report that tracks the Earth's "vital signs," monitors several climate related indicators—ranging from greenhouse gas concentrations and temperature changes to tree cover loss due to wildfire. The researchers found that, of the 16 planetary vital signs, seven are currently at record extremes. This includes sea levels and greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere. Meanwhile several others, such as areas burned during wildfires and ocean heat levels, show evidence of acceleration or abrupt shifts. The researchers warn that the rate of global warming appears to have accelerated, from about 0.05°C per decade between 1880 and 1970 to roughly 0.36°C per decade between 2010 and 2024—and the 2°C threshold meant to limit planetary damage could be reached before 2050 they warn.

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory researcher Isaiah Santistevan led the development of three-dimensional simulations exploring how a nuclear device could deflect or disrupt an asteroid threatening Earth. Credit: Blaise Douros/LLNL Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) researchers are developing three-dimensional simulations to examine how a nuclear device could be used to deflect or potentially disrupt an asteroid threatening Earth.